IELTS Writing Task 2: Environment Essays with Band 8 Model Answers

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Let’s be honest — if you’re taking the IELTS Writing test, there’s a good chance you’ll get an environment question. Why? Because it’s relevant, it’s global, and it’s a great way for the examiner to see if you can organise your ideas, give solid examples, and use the right vocabulary without sounding like a robot.

In this guide on IELTS Writing Task 2 environment topics, I’m breaking down the five most common essay types you might face — and giving you Band 8 sample answers for each one. You’ll see exactly how to plan, structure, and adapt your ideas so that no matter what the environment question looks like on test day, you’ll know exactly what to do — and you’ll do it with confidence.

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1) Problem–Solution Essay – Environmental Challenges

     Angles You Can Use

• Climate change from greenhouse gases

• Deforestation and biodiversity loss

• Air and water pollution harming health

• Overconsumption and waste

• Practical solutions: renewable energy, recycling, eco-friendly transport, stricter regulations

💡 How to Use This Section

These angles help you brainstorm problems and solutions.
The model answer here tackles plastic pollution — you can swap this topic for water scarcity, deforestation, or endangered species, while keeping the same structure.

Plastic pollution has become a major environmental issue worldwide. What problems does it cause, and what measures could be taken to solve them?

Band 8 Sample Answer (≈256 words)

Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. It causes serious harm to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. However, with coordinated action, this issue can be addressed effectively.

One significant problem caused by plastic waste is its impact on marine life. Millions of tonnes of plastic end up in oceans each year, where it is ingested by fish, birds, and turtles. This not only threatens biodiversity but also enters the human food chain through seafood consumption. Additionally, plastic waste clogs drainage systems in urban areas, contributing to flooding and creating breeding grounds for disease-carrying insects.

To address these problems, both governments and individuals must act. Governments can introduce strict regulations on single-use plastics, such as banning plastic bags and promoting biodegradable alternatives. They can also invest in advanced recycling facilities and run public awareness campaigns about responsible waste disposal. On an individual level, people can reduce their plastic use by carrying reusable bags, bottles, and containers, as well as supporting businesses that adopt sustainable packaging.

In conclusion, plastic pollution is a global problem with far-reaching consequences for the environment and human health. By combining government policy, technological innovation, and changes in consumer behaviour, it is possible to significantly reduce plastic waste and protect our planet for future generations.

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2) Opinion Essay – Agree or Disagree with Environmental Statements

Angles You Can Use

• Climate change as the greatest threat to humanity

• Developed vs. developing countries’ responsibilities

• Prioritising environmental issues over other global problems

💡 How to Use This Section

This format works for any strong opinion about the environment. State your position clearly, give two strong reasons, and address the opposite view briefly before concluding.

Climate change is the greatest threat facing humanity today. Do you agree or disagree?

Band 8 Sample Answer (≈260 words)

There is little doubt that climate change poses serious challenges to human societies. Some argue it is the single greatest threat of our time, while others believe different issues deserve equal attention. I firmly agree with the former view, as the scale and urgency of climate change demand immediate action.

Firstly, climate change impacts nearly every aspect of life on Earth. Rising sea levels threaten to displace millions in coastal regions, while extreme weather events disrupt food production and water supply. Such disruptions can trigger secondary crises, including economic collapse and mass migration. This makes climate change a multiplier of other global challenges.

Secondly, unlike many other problems, climate change has a narrowing window for action. Once certain tipping points are crossed — such as the irreversible melting of polar ice — the damage may be impossible to reverse. This urgency places it above slower-moving threats like economic inequality, which, although serious, are less constrained by time.

While it is true that other issues like poverty and armed conflict remain critical, they are often exacerbated by climate impacts. Therefore, tackling climate change effectively can indirectly reduce these problems as well.

In conclusion, the evidence strongly supports the view that climate change is humanity’s greatest threat. By addressing it decisively, we not only protect our planet but also create a safer and more stable world for future generations.

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3) Discussion Essay – Comparing Two Views on Environmental Policy

Angles You Can Use

• Stricter environmental laws vs. public education

• Government investment vs. private-sector innovation

• Renewable energy subsidies vs. fossil fuel restrictions

💡 How to Use This Section

The key to a high-scoring discussion essay is balance: explain both sides fairly before giving your opinion.

Some people believe that stricter laws are the most effective way to protect the environment, while others think education is more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Band 8 Sample Answer (≈254 words)

Protecting the environment requires both regulation and education. Some argue that strict laws are the most effective means, while others believe education plays a greater role. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my view.

Supporters of stricter laws argue that legal enforcement compels individuals and businesses to act. For example, emission caps force companies to adopt cleaner technology, while fines for illegal dumping deter harmful practices. Without such measures, many would prioritise profit or convenience over environmental responsibility.

Conversely, advocates of education believe it creates lasting behavioural change. Teaching children about recycling, biodiversity, and climate change fosters habits that continue into adulthood. Public awareness campaigns can also shift societal attitudes, making eco-friendly choices the norm rather than the exception.

In my opinion, laws and education must work together. Regulations provide the necessary framework, while education ensures people understand and support these measures. This combination maximises compliance and creates a culture of environmental care. For instance, recycling laws are more successful when citizens understand the environmental benefits and know how to sort waste correctly.

In conclusion, while stricter laws can bring immediate change and education builds long-term commitment, the two approaches are most effective when implemented together. A balanced strategy ensures both enforcement and public engagement, leading to more sustainable environmental protection.

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4) Advantages and Disadvantages Essay – Renewable Energy

Angles You Can Use

• Advantages: lower emissions, cleaner air, job creation, sustainable growth

• Disadvantages: high initial cost, land use/visual impact, grid upgrades

• Ethical considerations: fairness to future generations, sustainable development

• Industry challenges: storage technology, intermittency, supply reliability

💡 How to Use This Section

In an advantage/disadvantage essay, give at least two clear points for each side and support them with examples. Finish with a conclusion that weighs them up.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of investing in renewable energy.

Band 8 Sample Answer (≈258 words)

Renewable energy has become a key part of global strategies to combat climate change. While it offers many benefits, there are also drawbacks to consider.

One major advantage is the environmental benefit. Renewable sources like wind and solar produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. This not only reduces air pollution but also slows global warming. Additionally, investment in renewable energy creates jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance, supporting economic growth.

Another benefit is energy security. Countries that invest in renewables reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels, making them less vulnerable to price fluctuations and political instability in energy-exporting nations.

However, renewable energy also presents challenges. The initial costs for infrastructure can be prohibitively high, particularly for developing countries. Wind farms and solar plants also require significant land, which can lead to disputes over land use and environmental impact on local wildlife.

Another drawback is intermittency. Renewable sources depend on weather conditions, making energy supply less predictable. Without effective storage solutions, this can lead to shortages during periods of low sunlight or wind.

In conclusion, while renewable energy has clear environmental and economic advantages, its limitations must be addressed through innovation and strategic investment. By tackling cost and storage challenges, we can maximise its benefits and ensure a sustainable energy future.

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5) Cause–Effect Essay – Environmental Issues

Angles You Can Use

• Causes: vehicle emissions, industrial activity, poor waste management, weak regulations

• Effects: health problems, economic costs, environmental degradation

• Possible solutions: public transport, emission standards, renewable energy adoption

💡 How to Use This Section

This structure works for any environmental cause–effect topic. Explain the main causes, then the main effects, and (optionally) suggest solutions.

What are the main causes and effects of air pollution in urban areas?

Band 8 Sample Answer (≈252 words)

Air pollution in cities is a growing concern worldwide. It has multiple causes and serious consequences for both individuals and society.

One primary cause is vehicle emissions. As cities expand, the number of cars increases, releasing large amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Industrial activities also contribute significantly, with factories emitting pollutants from burning fossil fuels. Poor waste management, including the burning of rubbish, further worsens air quality.

The effects of urban air pollution are far-reaching. On a personal level, prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. Societally, this increases healthcare costs and reduces overall productivity. Moreover, pollution damages the environment, harming plants, animals, and ecosystems.

If left unchecked, the long-term consequences could be severe. Polluted air contributes to climate change, reduces life expectancy, and may force people to migrate from the worst-affected areas.

To combat this, cities must invest in clean public transport, enforce strict emission standards, and encourage the use of renewable energy. Public awareness campaigns can also help citizens understand the health risks and support cleaner practices.

In conclusion, urban air pollution is a complex issue with both human and environmental costs. Addressing it requires coordinated action from governments, industries, and individuals to protect public health and preserve environmental quality.

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Quick Study Chart – IELTS Writing Task 2 Environment

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Exam-Day Tips

• Identify the essay type first — your structure depends on it.

• Spend 5 minutes planning; it saves you marks later.

• Aim for 2 focused ideas per body paragraph, each with a clear example.

• Use topic-specific collocations naturally (don’t overstuff).

• Leave 2–3 minutes to proofread for grammar, verb tense, and punctuation.

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Mini-FAQ

Q1: How long should my Task 2 environment essay be?
A: Aim for 260–290 words. Under 250 risks Task Achievement; over 320 increases mistakes.

Q2: Can I use statistics?
A: Yes, but keep them simple and believable (e.g., “Rising sea levels threaten millions”). Don’t invent precise figures you can’t justify.

Q3: What vocabulary helps the most?
A: Collocations such as “carbon footprint,” “renewable energy,” “environmental degradation,” “sustainable development,” “public awareness campaign.” Use them accurately, not excessively.

Q4: Do I need a balanced opinion?
A: Only if the question type requires it (e.g., discuss both views). For agree/disagree, take a clear position and defend it.